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Les sciences sociales et les modèles quantifiés
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Social sciences and quantified models
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Social does the science term summarize with him only the paradox with which social sciences such as the geography are confronted, L? history or of course sociology.
To study doesn't the human societies raise of sciences known as hard, an empirical method seems S? to impose because does each man differ D? another and that its actions are not very determinable, like are those of the objects studied by hard sciences.
It is not very easy to include/understand or predict the behaviors and the systems of human thoughts; D? as far as those differ according to the places and times'. For as much, social sciences try to better include/understand the human societies.

If the scientific thought is thus been dependent on a company and its system of thought, it seems almost impossible D? to be neutral. In fact, L? does ethnocentrism touch each company and gift thus, even if the researcher manages to assimilate the culture of the company in question, that partly the reflection D? a way of thinking with its own generally accepted ideas.
Social sciences try to limit that while mixing with the qualitative methods and the quantitative methods.
The qualitative methods mix observation, talks or questionnaires, in order to include/understand a system as a whole. One tries here not to have D? a priori on the subject in question by putting open questions in order not to influence the answers of the interlocutors or by using L? does participating observation, where the researcher try S? to integrate into the group.
The quantitative methods rather tend to collect data quantified through concrete statistics and documents.
These two methods can be complementary in an investigation. Do the quantitative methods then make it possible to check an assumption, formulated at the time D? a qualitative investigation, in order to prove its veracity. Can the researcher show thanks to the quantified models that its assumption is right, that this N? is not simply a point of view.
P. Does Descola classify for example the various animals of L? environment of Achuar, periods of L? year and the events which are associated there, or it calculated and compared time used to carry out a essartage according to zones'. It managed to see that L? environment is included/understood and used according to standards' and aimed at company in question. Indeed, uses of L? environment are determined by the company, its practices and its beliefs. For example, the Achuar women spend much time to tear off bad grasses of their gardens whereas this one N? enormously do not affect the productivity of the garden. They have this practice, above all, to show their labour force and to be proud behaviour of their garden.
It thus seems that the group acts on L? environment according to its own beliefs; what S? opposes to L? idea what L? environment would determine the practices of the men.
Mr. Had Sahlins then shown that companies known as primitive N? do not use their environment to the maximum of his economic capacities. However the needs are satisfied there, contrary to the capitalist companies which create infinite desires which are thus never completely satisfied. L? is economy thus influenced by the company much more strongly than L? the economists imagined.
Did Polanyi prove as for him, that the liberal theories S? do not apply apart from their context, L? economy being dependent on the total company and its institutions.
Did this research show, thanks to quantitative methods, that L? economy and L? use of the resources depend on logic on the company in question. Thus even are sciences known as hard touched by this problem, in particular L? economy like L? explained the authors above.

It is however very difficult to find theories applicable to all the human societies. The researcher who studies the men belongs him even to a human society which is at the base of its knowledge and its system of thought. It would be naive to think that L? S can? in separating completely.
The quantitative methods are however to handle with precaution. They can be indeed used sometimes to simply show the thought of the researcher and not a reality.
Few sociologists and anthropologists agree for example to leave access to their notebooks of grounds, and one can affirm that any author of social sciences is one day criticized.
Social sciences, in particular sociology and L? do ethnology, often make it possible to show that nothing N? is universal but that all is cultural. Does this then make it possible to reduce L considerably? ethnocentrism and false logics. And without do quantified models, social sciences risk N? to be that simple points of view, influenced by the culture of the researcher.
For do my part, I however retain that as of qu? it S? D acts? to study the human beings, one must always at the head keep that our work remains an assumption.

June 8, 2008 | 5:50 AM Comments  0 comments

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